Brochure Building restoration EN 0817.pdf
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<h1>Brochure Building restoration EN 0817.pdf</h1> <p>Building restoration</p> <p>Building restoration <br />Requirements. <br />Methods. Products. <br />When the walls of old buildings become damp, this quickly <br />leads to heavy damage to the structure of the building. <br />There are however possibilities to restore such walls. <br />We shall show you ours. <br />Problems solved.</p> <p>Problems solved. For every requirement. <br />The renovation of older building structures is constantly gaining meaning – and the <br />protection of the building structure against destruction by water plays a central role <br />here. <br />A building that stands in the ground will surrender to decay if it is not adequately <br />protected against moisture. A damp wall is not only a thermal bridge but can attract <br />further damage. In contrast, a dry wall contributes to a reduction in energy costs. <br />And now the good news: Based on a well-founded building condition analysis, realistic <br />renovation recommendations can be compiled. In order to successfully convert this <br />solution and for the long term preservation of the property, the correct building materials <br />systems and their correct application is necessary. In particular there are frequently <br />damp and salt laden substrates in old buildings. To professionally renovate these areas <br />for the long term, the salt contamination arising must be analysed exactly, in order to be <br />able to use the appropriate product systems. Also previously mouldy areas require a <br />specific solution. <br />With the THERMOPAL® restoration plaster system, SCHOMBURG offers a complete <br />sustainable and economical system, which provides the correct solution for every <br />requirement. For the long term preservation of buildings, for a pleasant living climate <br />and for an increase in value of the property.</p> <p>2</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>Building restoration <br />Requirements. Methods. Products.</p> <p>Contents <br />4</p> <p>Building timeline features <br />Typical damage and impairment of the building structure</p> <p>6</p> <p>Substrate preparation <br />Basis of a sustainably functioning renovation <br />Horizontal barriers <br />Blocking renders <br />The restoration plaster system</p> <p>8 <br />10 <br />12</p> <p>14 Renovation systems <br />16 Renovation systems “plinth area” <br />18 Renovation systems “hygroscopic moisture damage <br />and the formation of condensation” <br />20 Renovation systems “Internal waterproofing” <br />22 Glossary</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>3</p> <p>Building timeline features <br />Typical damage and impairment of the building structure <br />Around the turn of the century existing Wilheminian districts shaped our <br />towns. The houses so beloved today and also older sacred buildings <br />were built as massive masonry work constructions – unfortunately <br />without adequate vertical and horizontal waterproofing. This resulted in <br />moisture penetration to cellars and external walls.</p> <p>Natural stone masonry work <br />The incorporation of a horizontal barrier <br />in natural stone masonry is to be <br />considered on an individual basis. <br />According to experience, the moisture <br />transportation in the capillaries of a <br />natural stone wall is very low, that only <br />allows capillary water transportation in <br />the mortar present in the wall profile. The <br />incorporation of a horizontal barrier in a <br />natural stone masonry wall is always <br />laborious due to the configuration. There <br />are varied constructions, perhaps filled <br />with straw or filling material.</p> <p>Masonry work <br />With masonry brickwork, one must <br />differentiate between baked bricks and <br />clinker. The baked brick was “baked” up <br />to approx. 900 °C. It is relatively <br />open-pored and can absorb a large <br />amount of water. This means that <br />hydrophobic materials work well here. In <br />contrast, clinker was “burned” at above <br />1,200 °C. This strong fusion ensured that <br />they absorbed little or no water, were frost <br />resistant and weather resistant overall. <br />Dependent on the stone, moisture <br />transportation can only occur via the <br />mortar in the vertical and horizontal joints. <br />Until well into the 20th century, baked</p> <p>4</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>bricks were dense solid bricks without <br />pores or void formers. Not to be compared with today’s bricks. In the 70s with the <br />arrival of the first porous hollow bricks, <br />capillary water transportation increased. <br />Assuming the waterproofing of buildings <br />was not technically correct.</p> <p>Damage through water <br />Water can damage the building and the <br />building materials used in many ways at <br />the same time: <br />· Capillary water absorption <br />· Seepage water or water running down <br />slopes – under pressure <br />· Driving rain <br />· Gaseous (condensate)</p> <p>Delamination and efflorescence <br />This type of damage occurs through salts <br />detrimental to buildings. A chemical <br />process in the building material, activated <br />by penetrating moisture, dissolves salts <br />and transports them with the moisture to <br />the surface of the building component. <br />Salts can also end up in the building <br />component externally. De-icing salts <br />dissolved in water can migrate into the <br />building and take the opposite direction <br />to the building components surface during <br />the drying process. However not without</p> <p>the building component being unharmed. <br />If there is a “dense” building material <br />present (e.g. cement render), the salts can <br />concentrate behind it. The render is blown <br />off due to the increase in volume of the <br />salts. If there is a “permeable” building <br />material present (e.g. lime-cement render, <br />lime render), the moisture, with the <br />dissolved salts migrates to the surface of <br />the building component where the salts <br />crystallize. Here restoration plaster <br />systems are used. They have the essential <br />role of relocating the evaporation layer in <br />the restoration plaster and storing the salt, <br />without damage, in the pore volume <br />present.</p> <p>Energy implications of moisture <br />If the moisture content in masonry is <br />reduced, this also influences heat loss. The <br />thermally insulating properties of the <br />building are returned to their original <br />condition. In every case consult a <br />planner/energy advisor for an effective <br />thermal insulation concept. <br />The most secure solution to the renovation <br />of a damp cellar is to renovate the side <br />facing the ground. Only if this is not <br />possible, should the renovation be <br />planned from the inside.</p> <p>Old buildings are especially <br />susceptible to damp as the <br />masonry work is rarely effectively <br />waterproofed. Deleterious salts are <br />formed, which makes restoration <br />necessary.</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>5</p> <p>Substrate preparation <br />Basis of a sustainably functioning renovation <br />Even the best building materials must be in harmony with the substrate <br />upon which they are used. In order to ensure optimum bond and a <br />long lasting function, it is necessary to thoroughly and carefully prepare <br />the building area to be treated.</p> <p>Detailed specifications on the preparation <br />of substrates and their specific <br />requirements are described in the WTA <br />data sheet 4–6 “Retrospective <br />waterproofing of buildings in contact with <br />the ground”. The optimum treatment of the <br />substrate is based on the existing <br />waterproofing situation of the project. <br />Therefore different steps are taken for <br />internal than external waterproofing. <br />Dependent on the topic, there are <br />different system solutions for each <br />particular application.</p> <p>6</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>The path to the right solution: <br />1. Building condition analysis <br />Before every renovation project, a <br />professional analysis of the building <br />condition must be carried out. <br />Dependent on the renovation processes <br />and demands, obtain information on the <br />following points: <br />· Type of construction <br />· Wall thickness <br />· Strength <br />· Cracks, voids, crevises <br />· Structural analysis</p> <p>· <br />· <br />· <br />·</p> <p>Repairs already undertaken, if necessary <br />Building materials used <br />Circumstances of dampness <br />Future use</p> <p>2. Producing a competent <br />renovation recommendation <br />Optimum substrates are concrete with a <br />dense microstructure, cement-based <br />screeds, renders P II or P III and fully <br />pointed masonry work.</p> <p>Possibilities for the preparation of the substrate</p> <p>Abrasion</p> <p>Cleaning</p> <p>Priming</p> <p>Splatterdash coat/bonding coat</p> <p>Levelling</p> <p>Grid float use</p> <p>The substrate must be load-bearing, open <br />pored and free form dirt. Uneven areas <br />and ridges must be thoroughly removed. <br />In addition the area should be free for <br />gaping cracks and adhesion impeding <br />substances such as oil, paint, laitance <br />layers and loose components. Level up <br />open butt joints and surface irregularities <br />of up to 5 mm or uneven areas of stone <br />(e.g. render grooves in brickwork or <br />dense concrete blocks) with a mortar such <br />as AQUAFIN® -1K or ASOCRET-M30. <br />Non-sealed defects, which are deeper <br />than 5 mm, some mortar joints, or <br />damaged areas are also to be rectified <br />with ASOCRET-M30. Substrates should</p> <p>be treated related to the project and <br />application type before further work e.g. <br />by pre-wetting, priming with e.g. <br />ASO® -Unigrund or applying a bonding <br />coat such as THERMOPAL® -SP. This <br />achieves an even absorption and an <br />optimum bond. A solution for nonabsorbent substrates such as e.g. metal <br />would be ASODUR® - GBM (incl. <br />broadcasting with quartz sand) to provide <br />a pore-free primer. Where there is rear <br />moisture penetration, pre-waterproofing <br />against negative water pressure is <br />necessary. This can be a mineral-based, <br />rigid waterproof slurry (AQUAFIN® -1K), a <br />blocking render (ASOCRET-M30) or,</p> <p>dependent on the system, a reaction resin <br />coating (ASODUR® -SG2/-SG2-thix). An <br />additional bonding coat (splatterdash <br />coat - THERMOPAL® -SP) is necessary <br />beneath renders..</p> <p>3. Salt conversion <br />Following the successful determination of <br />the type and quantity of the salts <br />occurring (salts analysis), the salt <br />conversion (chlorides and sulphates from <br />readily soluble to scarcely soluble) can <br />be carried out (ESCO-FLUAT).</p> <p>Conversion to <br />low solubility salts <br />Yes</p> <p>Salts <br />Sulphates</p> <p>Possible causes <br />Gypsum, mineralised <br />ground water</p> <p>Chlorides</p> <p>De-icing salt</p> <p>Yes</p> <p>Nitrates</p> <p>Fertilizer, urea</p> <p>No</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>7</p> <p>Horizontal barriers <br />Injection method against capillary rising damp <br />Horizontal barriers reduce the transportation of capillary moisture in <br />masonry work and can also be installed retrospectively. They can be <br />incorporated into masonry work through different injection methods.</p> <p>Use <br />Above the horizontal barrier, the masonry <br />work should have the possibility to reach <br />equilibrium moisture dependent on use. <br />The supply of capillary moisture must not <br />be completely prevented. Use aqueous <br />(AQUAFIN® -F Verkieselungslösung) or <br />paste products (AQUAFIN® -i380 <br />Injektionscreme).</p> <p>injection is recommended dependent on <br />the circumstances. Later removal of a drill <br />core and subsequent dampening can be <br />used to prove the functionality.</p> <p>penetration > 60% application by low <br />pressure methods is recommended. Here <br />holes are drilled into the masonry at a <br />spacing of 10–12.5 cm centres (hole <br />centre to hole centre). With paste based <br />injection, the drill holes are arranged <br />horizontally in the joints, with aqueous <br />injection with an inclination angle of up to <br />45°. The depth of the drilled holes is to be <br />5 cm less than the thickness of the <br />masonry work. With walls thicker ≥ 60 cm, <br />it is recommended to arrange the row of <br />holes from both sides. The depth of hole <br />drilled is then 2/3 of the thickness of the <br />masonry per side. With multi-row <br />arrangements, a height difference from <br />joints is advisable (≤ 8 cm).</p> <p>Preliminary investigation <br />Before starting the process, a preliminary <br />investigation of the masonry work must be <br />undertaken (e.g. degree of moisture <br />penetration). If there are cracks, loose <br />joints or missing areas, the injection <br />material can flow out uncontrolled. A trial</p> <p>Injection method <br />Dependent on the thickness of the <br />masonry and the degree of moisture <br />penetration (DFG 60%/80%/95%) there <br />are injection methods under pressure (low <br />pressure method < 10 bar) or pressureless <br />method (gravity and capillary <br />transportation of the active material). <br />Classic aqueous horizontal barriers are <br />applied using the pressureless method <br />up to a degree of moisture penetration <br />of < 60%. With a degree of moisture</p> <p>1. Levelling wall areas</p> <p>2. Establishing drill holes</p> <p>3. Cleaning drill holes</p> <p>4. Filling voids</p> <p>5. Producing horizontal barriers (paste)</p> <p>5. Producing horizontal barriers (aqueous)</p> <p>8</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>Mode of operation <br />Using pressurised methods, the injection <br />material is injected via appropriate <br />injection packers into the substrate. <br />The injection material is pressed in the <br />pores of the building material and forms <br />a hydrophobic (water repellent) level so <br />that moisture can no longer be <br />transported upwards via the capillaries. <br />When the degree of moisture penetration <br />is low, injection is also possible with <br />pressureless methods. <br />One of the particular advantages of an <br />injection cream (AQUAFIN® -i380): <br />Even with a degree of moisture <br />penetration of up to 95%, it can be used <br />with pressureless methods. The active <br />ingredient it contains is very fine and <br />highly effective due to its special <br />composition. It does not react with water <br />but exclusively with the substrate. <br />AQUAFIN® -i380 is hydrophilic and <br />disperses especially quickly in the existing <br />water in the masonry work. Over time, this <br />leads to 100% saturation of the pores. <br />Using the practical 550 ml tubular bags, <br />application is carried out with an injection</p> <p>AQUAFIN ® -F <br />Silification solution for producing <br />horizontal barriers</p> <p>gun. Using a slow squeezing action whilst <br />extruding through the supplied injection <br />tube, will completely fill the drill hole. <br />Application is also possible with <br />horizontal drill holes and where there is <br />inhomogeneity in the masonry work. The <br />risk of uncontrolled flow as with aqueous <br />horizontal barriers is not applicable. <br />Following the reaction with the substrate, it <br />imparts water repellency to the capillary <br />walls. Capillary water transportation is <br />impeded and the substrate dries out. The <br />material is tested and certified at a <br />degree of moisture penetration of 95% to <br />the WTA data sheet 4-10-15/D (“injection <br />method for certified injection materials <br />against capillary moisture”).</p> <p>Sealing the drill holes <br />After completing the horizontal <br />waterproofing measures, completely seal <br />the drill holes flush with the surface using <br />ASOCRET-M30 or project driven with <br />ASOCRET-BM.</p> <p>IMPORTANT</p> <p>Accompanying <br />measures <br />necessary. <br />If there is an area with negative <br />moisture penetration, then a <br />complete waterproof membrane <br />is necessary – for instance with <br />a blocking render. With internal <br />waterproofing, it is important that <br />the horizontal barrier is <br />incorporated above the area <br />exposed to damp (e.g. floor zone). <br />With a planar arrangement, the <br />wall would take on the <br />condensation and the moisture <br />would climb further up the wall. <br />Then areas not previously <br />involved could be affected. <br />The same is also true for integral <br />interior walls.</p> <p>AQUAFIN ® - i380 <br />Injection cream for retrospective <br />horizontal barriers</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>9</p> <p>Blocking render <br />Retrospective internal waterproofing with a mineral-based mortar system <br />In principle an exterior waterproof membrane is preferred to an interior <br />one. Only if waterproofing externally is impossible due to technical <br />construction reasons, must they be replaced by interior waterproofing.</p> <p>Obstacles to exterior <br />waterproofing <br />· Too short a distance to neighbouring <br />buildings <br />· The building stands immediately next to <br />a heavily trafficked road <br />· Extending vertically (partial basement <br />of the building)</p> <p>Areas of application with water <br />impermeable blocking renders <br />With interior waterproofing and the need <br />to level the wall areas, revert to a water <br />impermeable factory mortar such as <br />ASOCRET-M30.</p> <p>Typical areas of application are <br />· Levelling hollow spots, loose joints and <br />other defects <br />· Establishing a coved fillet for the wall/ <br />floor transition and internal corners <br />· Filling a notch in the potentially existing <br />horizontal barrier <br />The application of a restoration plaster <br />can be carried out over a minimum <br />20 mm blocking render to regulate the <br />climate.</p> <p>ASOCRET-M30 <br />Repair and levelling mortar <br />up to 30 mm</p> <p>1. Preparation of the wall/floor junction</p> <p>2. Possible preliminary waterproofing</p> <p>3. Splatterdash coat</p> <p>4. Application</p> <p>5. Striking off</p> <p>6. Rubbing with a grid float</p> <p>10</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>Mineral based <br />waterproof slurry <br />(e.g. AQUAFIN ® -RS300) <br />Minimum dry film <br />Minimum number <br />thickness in mm <br />of coats</p> <p>Water impermeable <br />factory produced mortar <br />(e.g. ASOCRET-M30) <br />Minimum dry film <br />Minimum number <br />thickness in mm <br />of coats</p> <p>Ground moisture/ <br />non standing seepage water</p> <p>2</p> <p>2</p> <p>20</p> <p>2–3</p> <p>Standing seepage water/ <br />water under pressure</p> <p>3</p> <p>3</p> <p>30</p> <p>3</p> <p>Water exposure</p> <p>Source: WTA data sheet 4–6</p> <p>EXPERT ADVICE</p> <p>Waterproof slurry or blocking render? <br />If there is planar moisture exposure on a <br />wall then the use of a mineral-based <br />mortar system is required. There is a <br />variation between thin applied <br />waterproofing (mineral-based waterproof <br />slurries) and thick layer systems (blocking <br />renders). Note that the exposure of the <br />wall to moisture does not decrease. The <br />wall stays permanently damp so it must be <br />ensured that the moisture does not climb <br />further into the masonry work and affect <br />the building even more. Therefore a <br />horizontal barrier is incorporated at the <br />floor zone and integral cross walls. A</p> <p>mineral-based mortar system requires a <br />load-bearing, mineral-based substrate. <br />With even wall areas with the need to <br />level, the use of a mineral-based <br />waterproof slurry in combination with a <br />horizontal barrier is adequate. It is <br />recommended that a restoration plaster is <br />applied over the waterproofed area, <br />which can regulate the room climate due <br />to its mode of operation (see chapter “The <br />restoration plaster” p 12). In this way a <br />pleasant room climate is established.</p> <p>Stefan Flügge, Technical Service, <br />SCHOMBURG GmbH & Co. KG</p> <p>You can learn more about interior waterproofing with ASOCRET-M30 at schomburg.com</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>11</p> <p>The restoration plaster system <br />A balanced restoration plaster system drives salts from the surface <br />A solution for restoring a wall exposed to salts and/or damp is always a <br />perfectly matched restoration plaster system. A single restoration plaster is <br />not a solution. WTA certified product systems consist of factory produced <br />mortars. Building site mixes are not approved.</p> <p>Components <br />(WTA certified restoration plaster system) <br />· Splatterdash coat <br />· Backing / levelling plaster (air <br />entrained backing coat plaster) <br />· Restoration plaster <br />· Fine plaster <br />Why restoration plaster systems? <br />If masonry work exposed to moisture is <br />coated with a “dense” render (cementbased render), the moisture is locked in or <br />salts blow off the existing render.</p> <p>If a “permeable” render (lime-cement <br />render, lime render) is used, the moisture <br />migrates through the wall. Moisture spots <br />are formed or salts are transported to the <br />surface and crystallised there. <br />A restoration plaster is water repellent. <br />Water can only penetrate up to 5 mm into <br />the restoration plaster. This lies in the low <br />capillary conductivity. The moisture can <br />diffuse through the plaster layer especially <br />well, leaving as water vapour and salts <br />can be stored in the high volume of pores <br />without leaving damage behind.</p> <p>1. Possible backing coat application</p> <p>2. Restoration plaster application</p> <p>EXPERT ADVICE</p> <p>What to <br />watch for <br />· Restoration plasters may be <br />subjected to hydrostatic pressure <br />(pressing and standing water). <br />They are for internal use or, if <br />necessary, external use and then <br />only above ground level.</p> <p>Degree of salting <br />Low</p> <p>Treatment <br />1 Splatterdash coat <br />2 WTA restoration plaster</p> <p>Thickness in mm <br />≤5 <br />≥ 20</p> <p>Medium <br />or high</p> <p>1 Splatterdash coat <br />2 WTA restoration plaster <br />3 WTA restoration plaster</p> <p>≤5 <br />10 – 20 <br />10 – 20</p> <p>High</p> <p>1 Splatterdash coat <br />≤5 <br />2 Porous backing coat plaster ≥10 <br />3 WTA restoration plaster <br />≥15</p> <p>Source: WTA data sheets 2–9 (restoration plaster systems)</p> <p>· If the masonry work is saturated <br />with moisture, suitable waterproofing or drying measures <br />are required beforehand.</p> <p>12</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>The system components <br />Purpose <br />· Bonding agent</p> <p>Remarks <br />· Thickness max. 0.5 cm <br />· Half cover (<50%) <br />· Full area application on waterproofed substrate <br />· Not suitable for filling joints</p> <p>2. Backing coat/levelling <br />plaster (backing coat <br />plaster with air pockets)</p> <p>· Levelling large irregularities <br />(levelling plaster) <br />· Salt store where the substrate has <br />particularly high levels of salts <br />(backing coat plaster)</p> <p>· Not water repellent, highly vapour permeable <br />· To be applied at thickness from 10-30 mm <br />· Suitable for filling joints</p> <p>3. Restoration plaster</p> <p>· Promotes masonry work drying through <br />high water vapour permeability <br />· Encases crystalline salts</p> <p>· <br />· <br />· <br />· <br />· <br />· <br />·</p> <p>4. Fine plaster</p> <p>· Optimum design</p> <p>· Highly water vapour permeable</p> <p>1. Splatterdash coat</p> <p>High pore volume <br />Inner hydrophobicity <br />Impedes condensation formation on the surface <br />Minimum thickness 20 mm <br />Maximum thickness 40 mm <br />With multi-layer applications, minimum 10 mm per layer <br />Climate regulation</p> <p>KNOW</p> <p>Everything about restoration plasters <br />What are restoration plasters <br />used for? <br />Restoration plasters are used for <br />producing vapour permeable and dry <br />plaster surfaces on damp or salt laden <br />interior and exterior walls. <br />At what thickness must <br />restoration plasters be applied? <br />The minimum thickness of THERMOPAL® <br />restoration plasters is 20 mm. With high to <br />medium salting, apply the restoration <br />plaster in two layers from a minimum <br />thickness of between 25 and 40 mm. <br />Waiting time between layers: one day <br />per millimetre of thickness.</p> <p>Which bonding coat is needed <br />for a restoration plaster? <br />Use the splatterdash mortar <br />THERMOPAL® -SP as a bonding coat for <br />THERMOPAL® -ULTRA as well as <br />THERMOPAL® -GP11. The gauging water <br />for THERMOPAL® -SP can be modified <br />with the hardening and adhesion medium <br />ASOPLAST-MZ with very strongly or <br />weakly absorbent substrates. <br />THERMOPAL® -SP can also be used as a <br />splatterdash coat for cement-based or <br />cement-lime-based renders. <br />How can restoration plaster <br />be coloured? <br />Highly vapour permeable coatings such <br />as silicate paints can be used on <br />restoration plaster systems.</p> <p>Can I also mechanically apply <br />THERMOPAL® restoration plaster <br />systems? <br />Yes, for instance with the PFT G4. Refer to <br />the configuration in the “THERMOPAL® <br />equipment plan”. <br />What are the differences of <br />restoration plasters? <br />THERMOPAL® -GP11 and <br />THERMOPAL® -ULTRA are WTA certified <br />products (WTA data sheet 2-9-04/D). <br />Restoration plasters to WTA guidelines <br />have salt storing, hydrophobic properties <br />and increased water vapour diffusion <br />whilst at the same time having reduced <br />capillary conductivity. THERMOPAL® ULTRA hardens quickly and permits early <br />treatment of the plaster surface.</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>13</p> <p>Restoration systems <br />Protection for plinth and cellar <br />Old buildings are beautiful. Everybody would really like to live in one. <br />What is easily overlooked: the art nouveau houses of the turn of the <br />century are often hardly or not at all waterproofed against damp. <br />Above all, the soaked walls of building components in the ground can <br />lead to severe damage. The good news: there are various restoration <br />systems, which provide dry walls in old buildings. For every requirement <br />SCHOMBURG has the right solution, so that the with stucco <br />decorated gems will stand on secure foundations in future as well.</p> <p>14</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>Three systems for restoration</p> <p>1. Restoration system “plinth area” <br />The external restoration of the walls of old buildings is still the most <br />recommended variant. Following the salt analysis comes the horizontal <br />barrier and then the building plinth restoration can begin. At the end <br />comes the surface design.</p> <p>2. Restoration system “hygroscopic moisture damage <br />and the formation of condensation” <br />The restoration plaster plays a deciding role in the renovation. A salt <br />analysis is also necessary here. Afterwards the substrate is prepared in <br />order to be able to apply the restoration plaster and the surface design <br />can take place.</p> <p>3. Restoration system “internal waterproofing” <br />With internal waterproofing there must also be a salt analysis as well as <br />a horizontal barrier. Subsequently the substrate is made flat, the surface <br />waterproofed and the restoration plaster applied.</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>15</p> <p>Three systems for restoration <br />1. Restoration system “Plinth area”</p> <p>Conventional exterior render</p> <p>Vapour permeable finishing coat render/paint</p> <p>Restoration plaster in the plinth area</p> <p>Horizontal barrier <br />It is mandatory to waterproof the substrate <br />to approx. 30 cm below ground level</p> <p>Schematic representation of the building plinth area <br />Contaminated with salt <br />1 <br />2 <br />3 <br />4</p> <p>5 <br />6 <br />7 <br />8 <br />9 <br />10</p> <p>Salt treatment with ESCO-FLUAT <br />Substrate made flat with ASOCRET-M30 <br />Restoration plaster THERMOPAL® -ULTRA <br />Drill hole blocker AQUAFIN® -F <br />Drill hole blocker: under pressure <br />Hole depth: <br />masonry thickness minus 5 cm <br />Hole spacing: <br />10–12 cm <br />Alternative to 4: <br />pressureless with AQUAFIN® -i380 <br />Waterproofing with AQUAFIN® -1K/AQUAFIN® - RS300 <br />ASOCRET-M30 (alternative to 5) <br />Full coverage splatterdash coat in THERMOPAL® -SP (optional) <br />Restoration plaster THERMOPAL® -ULTRA <br />Fine mortar in THERMOPAL® -FS33 <br />Suitable silicate paint</p> <p>Exposed to damp <br />1 Salt treatment with ESCO-FLUAT <br />2 +3 Level substrate and produce a blocking render <br />with ASOCRET-M30 <br />4–10 See above</p> <p>16</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>1 <br />2 <br />3 <br />4</p> <p>1 <br />5/6 <br />7 <br />8 <br />9 <br />10</p> <p>1. Salt analysis <br />Determination of the type and <br />quantity of occurring salts <br />Laboratory evaluation</p> <p>2. Horizontal barrier <br />Produce a horizontal barrier <br />AQUAFIN® -F (aqueous)/ <br />AQUAFIN® -i380 (paste)</p> <p>3. Level substrate <br />· Restore masonry pointing <br />· Trowel apply ASOCRET-M30 <br />to defects <br />ASOCRET-M30 <br />Contaminated with salts</p> <p>4. Restoration plaster <br />· Splatterdash coat <br />· Restoration plaster <br />Low levels of salts (one layer) <br />Medium to high levels of salts <br />(two layers)</p> <p>Exposure to moisture <br />e.g. splash water, puddles</p> <p>4. Blocking render <br />Blocking rende <br />ASOCRET-M30 <br />(thickness ≥ 20 mm)</p> <p>· THERMOPAL® -SP <br />· THERMOPAL® -ULTRA</p> <p>5. Surface decoration <br />Application of the fine mortar <br />THERMOPAL® -FS33</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>17</p> <p>Three systems for restoration <br />2. Restoration system “hygroscopic moisture damage and <br />the formation of condensation” <br />Fluorosilicate application: Conversion of <br />sulphate and chloride salts from readily <br />soluble to scarcely soluble salts <br />Splatterdash coat on mineral-based <br />substrate, half coverage (≥ 50%) <br />Restoration plaster one or <br />two layers + possible finishing coat <br />(backing coat + restoration plaster or <br />restoration plaster/restoration plaster)</p> <p>Efflorescence</p> <p>Cleaned substrate</p> <p>Schematic representation of the restoration <br />Contaminated through hygroscopic moisture <br />damage and the formation of condensation <br />1 <br />2 <br />3</p> <p>Salt treatment with ESCO-FLUAT <br />Half coverage splatterdash coat in THERMOPAL® -SP <br />Restoration plaster THERMOPAL® -ULTRA if necessary <br />+ THERMOPAL® -GP11 (with higher salt contamination) <br />1</p> <p>2</p> <p>3</p> <p>18</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>1. Salts analysis <br />Determination of the type and quantity <br />of occurring salts <br />Laboratory evaluation</p> <p>2. Substrate preparation <br />· Restore masonry pointing <br />· Trowel repair defects <br />THERMOPAL® -GP11</p> <p>3. Restoration plaster <br />· Splatterdash coat <br />· Possible backing coat plaster <br />· Restoration plaster <br />· <br />· <br />· <br />·</p> <p>THERMOPAL® -SP <br />THERMOPAL® -GP11 <br />THERMOPAL® -ULTRA <br />One layer/two layers</p> <p>Salting (dependent on level of contamination) <br />Low <br />1. Splatterdash coat <br />THERMOPAL® -SP</p> <p>Medium or high <br />1. Splatterdash coat <br />THERMOPAL® -SP</p> <p>High <br />1. Splatterdash coat <br />THERMOPAL® -SP</p> <p>2. Restoration plaster <br />THERMOPAL® -ULTRA</p> <p>2. Restoration plaster <br />THERMOPAL® -ULTRA</p> <p>2. Air entraining backing coat plaster <br />THERMOPAL® -GP11</p> <p>3. Restoration plaster <br />THERMOPAL® -ULTRA</p> <p>3. Restoration plaster <br />THERMOPAL® -ULTRA</p> <p>4. Surface design <br />Application of the fine mortar <br />THERMOPAL® -FS33</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>19</p> <p>Three systems for restoration <br />3. Restoration system “Interior waterproofing“ <br />Waterproof membrane/blocking render <br />(AQUAFIN® -1K/AQUAFIN® -RS300/ <br />ASOCRET-M30) <br />Splatterdash coat <br />· on mineral-based substrates, half <br />coverage <br />· on waterproof membranes, full <br />coverage <br />Restoration plaster, possibly <br />plus finishing plaster</p> <p>Mineral-based coved fillet <br />Horizontal barrier <br />Caulking with felt layer (horizontal barrier) <br />and barrier channel at wall/floor transition <br />Moisture penetration from the ground</p> <p>Schematic representation of the restoration <br />Exposed to water <br />1 <br />Fill masonry joints and defects with ASOCRET-M30 flush <br />with the surface, apply half or full coverage splatterdash <br />coat of THERMOPAL® -SP on to the waterproof membrane <br />(points 3+4) <br />2 <br />Drill hole barrier with AQUAFIN® -F/AQUAFIN® -i380 <br />(can also be carried out from inside, above the <br />waterproof membrane) <br />Drill hole barrier: pressureless <br />low pressure <br />method <br />method <br />Hole diameter: <br />30 mm <br />12 or 18 mm <br />Hole inclination: <br />30 °–45 ° <br />0 °–30 ° <br />Hole depth: <br />masonry work ./. 5 cm <br />Hole spacing <br />≤ 12.5 cm <br />≤ 12.5 cm <br />3 <br />AQUAFIN® -1K (lower waterproofing layer) <br />4 <br />AQUAFIN® -RS300 (upper waterproofing layer) <br />(Alternative to steps 3+4: produce a blocking render <br />with ASOCRET-M30) <br />5 <br />Restoration plaster THERMOPAL® -ULTRA <br />6 <br />Caulking wit ASOCRET-M30 <br />7 <br />Coved fillet R ≥ 4 cm with ASOCRET-M30 <br />8 <br />Screed produced with ASO® -EZ2</p> <p>20 schomburg.com</p> <p>1 <br />2</p> <p>3 <br />4</p> <p>5</p> <p>6 <br />7</p> <p>8</p> <p>1. Salts analysis <br />Determination of the type and <br />quantity of occurring salts <br />Laboratory evaluation</p> <p>2. Horizontal barrier* <br />Produce a horizontal barrier <br />AQUAFIN® -F (aqueous)/ <br />AQUAFIN® -i380 (paste)</p> <p>3. Substrate preparation <br />· Restore masonry pointing <br />· Trowel repair defects (planar trowel <br />application thickness ≤ 10 mm)</p> <p>ASOCRET-M30 <br />(thickness ≤10 mm)</p> <p>Low complexity <br />· Flat surface <br />· Full joints</p> <p>Medium high complexity <br />· Trowel repair defects <br />· Restore masonry pointing</p> <p>High complexity <br />· Trowel repair defects <br />· Restore masonry pointing <br />· Levelling layer</p> <p>ASOCRET-M30 <br />4. Waterproofing <br />Planar waterproofing <br />AQUAFIN® -1K (two layers) <br />Where there is a cracking risk: <br />additional application of <br />AQUAFIN® -RS300 (as the second <br />layer)</p> <p>ASOCRET-M30 <br />4. Waterproofing <br />Planar waterproofing <br />· ASOCRET-M30 <br />(thickness < 20 mm) <br />· AQUAFIN® -RS300</p> <p>4. Waterproofing <br />With blocking render <br />ASOCRET-M30 <br />(thickness ≥ 20 mm)</p> <p>5. Restoration to regulate <br />climate <br />· Full coverage splatterdash coat <br />(except with blocking renders) <br />· Restoration plaster <br />· Fine mortar <br />· THERMOPAL® -SP <br />· THERMOPAL® -ULTRA <br />· THERMOPAL® -FS33</p> <p>*(accompanying measures for external <br />walls and integral building components)</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>21</p> <p>Glossary <br />Accompanying <br />The actual cause of moisture penetration <br />of the masonry work is to be clarified and <br />eliminated. Horizontal and vertical <br />waterproof membranes are used. <br />Air pockets <br />The efficiency of a restoration plaster is <br />dependent on the size of the pores, their <br />distribution and their shape. Air pockets <br />belong to the largest pores in the <br />restoration plaster’s profile. They act as <br />capillary breaks and offer room for <br />potential salt storage. <br />Building condition analysis <br />In order to be able to evaluate the <br />building structure and to reveal the cause <br />of damage, preliminary investigations into <br />the building are necessary. In the <br />foreground is the determination of e.g. the <br />salts content (differentiated based on type <br />of salt), the moisture content, the maximum <br />water absorption and the hygroscopic <br />water absorption. Only when these results <br />are available, can a restoration system be <br />selected. <br />Capillarity <br />This is understood to mean the absorption <br />(rising) of water (liquids) in the capillaries <br />of building materials. <br />Capillary condensation <br />Capillary condensation occurs below the <br />saturation conditions with very finely <br />pored building materials e.g. concrete, <br />waterproofing slurries etc. The gives to <br />rise to condensation with a relative <br />humidity, which is considerably below <br />100%. <br />Compress render <br />A compress render serves to reduce the <br />salt content in the surface area of the <br />masonry. The application is a temporary <br />measure. As soon as enrichment of salts in <br />the render ceases, it must be renewed or <br />finished with e.g. a restoration plaster. <br />Compress renders are designed to be <br />capillary active and hydrophilic. <br />Crystallisation damage <br />Crystallisation damage is generated <br />during crystallisation and the volume <br />increase behind dense renders e.g.</p> <p>22 schomburg.com</p> <p>cement-based renders. Here pressure is <br />generated, which with frequent changes <br />from dissolution and crystallisation <br />processes leads to damage in the <br />building material and leads to spalling/ <br />delamination. <br />Degree of moisture penetration <br />(DFG) <br />The degree of moisture penetration of a <br />building material is described via the ratio <br />of moisture content to saturation moisture <br />content. DFG (%) = moisture content/ <br />saturation moisture content. <br />Degree of salting <br />The degree of salting is a measure for the <br />concentration of salts in the contaminated <br />building material. This must be determined <br />by a laboratory analysis. <br />Desalination <br />Desalination of masonry work in the sense <br />of the complete removal of salts is <br />practically not feasible. A reduction of the <br />salt content at the area close to the <br />surface is pursued. For this purpose, <br />sacrificial renders or compresses are used <br />for example. <br />Dew point, dew point <br />temperature <br />The temperature at which the humidity <br />reaches saturation (100%) through <br />cooling. If this dew point temperature is <br />fallen below, then moisture drops out of <br />the air (condensation, condensation <br />water). <br />Diffusion <br />Diffusion is understood to mean the <br />migration of gaseous materials through <br />solid materials. <br />Equilibrium moisture content <br />(sorption moisture) <br />The moisture content of building materials <br />dependent on the relative humidity in the <br />area applied. <br />Horizontal barrier <br />Horizontal barriers prevent capillary rising <br />damp in building materials with <br />conductive capillaries (brickwork, natural <br />stone, joint mortar etc.).</p> <p>Hydrophilic <br />“Water loving”– when materials e.g. <br />building materials strongly interact with <br />water. The opposite of hydrophobic. <br />Hydrophobic <br />Building materials and surfaces which <br />repel water or damp are designated as <br />hydrophobic. <br />Hygroscopic salts <br />Hygroscopic salts draw water out of the <br />surrounding air and bind it. Salt laden <br />building materials can accept particularly <br />high levels of hygroscopic moisture. <br />Moisture regulating layer <br />The moisture regulating layer stores <br />condensation water momentarily and <br />reduces the capillary condensation in the <br />pore matrix of the top layer. Restoration <br />plasters are used. <br />Negative waterproofing <br />Negative waterproofing (internal cellar <br />waterproofing) deals with vertical <br />waterproofing to building components <br />within the ground on the interior side of <br />the wall. Additional capillary rising damp <br />must be prevented by incorporating a <br />horizontal barrier above the ground <br />contact area. The wall constituents are <br />accepted as a damp area. <br />Pore volume <br />It is understood that pore volume (PV) <br />means the portion of the pores in the total <br />volume of the building material. Example: <br />PV = 20% means 200 I pores in 1 m3 <br />building material, i.e. the maximum liquid <br />absorption is 200 l. <br />Preliminary investigation <br />See building condition analysis. <br />Relative humidity <br />The relative humidity is the ratio of the <br />prevailing water content in the air to the <br />saturation moisture content. The saturation <br />moisture content of the air and therefore <br />also the relative humidity are temperature <br />dependent. <br />Restoration plaster-WTA <br />Restoration plasters to WTA are produced <br />from factory blended mortars in</p> <p>accordance with DIN EN 998-1 and fulfil <br />the requirements of the data sheet <br />2-9-04/D “Restoration plaster systems”. <br />They are plasters with high porosity and <br />permeability to water vapour, whilst <br />extensively preventing capillary <br />conductivity. To restoration plaster systems <br />also belong splatterdash coats, WTA <br />base coats and WTA restoration plasters. <br />Sacrificial render <br />See compress render <br />Salts detrimental to buildings <br />Salts detrimental to buildings such as <br />nitrates, chlorides and sulphates are <br />mobile readily soluble salts and can lead <br />to the appearance of corrosion on <br />building materials. The more mobile they <br />are, the more damaging they are to the <br />masonry work with which they make <br />contact. Readily soluble chlorides and <br />sulphates can be converted to scarcely <br />soluble salts through the addition of <br />particular chemicals. <br />Saturation moisture content <br />The saturation moisture content is the <br />maximum moisture, which a building <br />material can absorb at a given <br />temperature. <br />sd-value <br />The equivalent air layer thickness (sd) <br />indicates how thick a stationary air layer <br />must be in order to have the same <br />diffusion resistance as the contemplated <br />material layer. sd = thickness (s) x water <br />vapour resistance factor (μ). <br />Sorption moisture content <br />See equilibrium moisture content. <br />Waterproofing <br />· Vertical waterproofing <br />It is understood that vertical <br />waterproofing means the planar <br />waterproofing of building components <br />in contact with the ground. <br />· Horizontal waterproofing <br />It is understood that horizontal <br />waterproofing means the insertion of a <br />barrier to protect against capillary <br />water transportation.</p> <p>schomburg.com</p> <p>23</p> <p>The SCHOMBURG Group develops, <br />produces and markets high quality building <br />product systems for <br />• Waterproofing and Restoration <br />• Tile/Natural Stone/Screed Installation <br />• Surface Protection Systems <br />• Concrete Technology <br />SCHOMBURG is recognised for <br />its development competency and <br />is distinguished both nationally and <br />internationally with over 80 years in the <br />market. System based construction products <br />from its own production plants are held it <br />high esteem throughout the world.</p> <p>In order to stay at the forefront of a <br />continuously advancing market we are <br />always investing in research and <br />development of new and current products. <br />This guarantees high quality products, which <br />in turn leads to customer satisfaction.</p> <p>Subject to changes. Consult current technical data sheet for most recent information</p> <p>SCHOMBURG GmbH & Co. KG <br />Aquafinstrasse 2–8 <br />D -32760 Detmold (Germany) <br />phone + 49 - 5231- 953 - 00 <br />fax <br />+ 49 - 5231- 953 -108 <br />email export@schomburg.de <br />www.schomburg.com</p> <p>08/17 MSt/SF/CoS/TM</p> <p>Industry professionals value the level of <br />service provided by the SCHOMBURG <br />Group, along with our large range of high <br />quality products.</p>
