380_EFCA-model-EPD_air_entrainers_final_2026-12-15.pdf
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<h1>380_EFCA-model-EPD_air_entrainers_final_2026-12-15.pdf</h1> <p>ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION <br />as per ISO 14025 and EN 15804+A2 <br />Owner of the Declaration <br />Programme holder</p> <p>European Federation of Concrete Admixtures <br />Associations a.i.s.b.l. (EFCA) <br />Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU)</p> <p>Publisher</p> <p>Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU)</p> <p>Declaration number</p> <p>EPD-EFC-20210193-IBG1-EN</p> <p>Issue date</p> <p>16.12.2021</p> <p>Valid to</p> <p>15.12.2026</p> <p>Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>European Federation of Concrete <br />Admixtures Associations a.i.s.b.l. (EFCA)</p> <p>www.ibu-epd.com | https://epd-online.com</p> <p>Umwelt Produktdeklaration Name des Herstellers – Name des Produkts</p> <p>1. General Information <br />European Federation of Concrete <br />Admixtures Associations a.i.s.b.l. <br />(EFCA)</p> <p>Concrete admixtures – air entrainers</p> <p>Programme holder <br />IBU – Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. <br />Panoramastr. 1 <br />10178 Berlin <br />Germany</p> <p>Owner of the declaration <br />European Federation of Concrete Admixtures <br />Associations a.i.s.b.l. (EFCA) <br />Rue d'Arlon 55 BE-1040 Brussels, Belgium</p> <p>Declaration number <br />EPD-EFC-20210193-IBG1-EN</p> <p>Declared product / declared unit <br />1 kg of air entrainer, density: 1 - 1.6 kg/l</p> <p>This declaration is based on the product <br />category rules: <br />Concrete admixtures, 11.2017 <br />(PCR checked and approved by the SVR)</p> <p>Scope:</p> <p>Issue date <br />16.12.2021 <br />Valid to <br />15.12.2026</p> <p>This verified EPD entitles EFCA to bear the symbol of <br />the Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. It exclusively <br />applies for the product groups referred to for plants <br />operated in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, <br />Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, <br />Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom by <br />companies that are members of EFCA National <br />Associations in these countries and for a period of five <br />years from the date of issue. It involves a Model EPD <br />where the product displaying the highest environmental <br />impact in a group was selected for calculating the Life <br />Cycle Assessment. Please refer to the EFCA website <br />www.efca.info for a list of National Associations. <br />The application of this EPD is only possible for <br />member companies of EFCA’s member associations <br />and only for specific formulations with a total score <br />below the declared maximum score for a product group <br />according to the associated guidance document. <br />The owner of the declaration shall be liable for the <br />underlying information and evidence; the IBU shall not <br />be liable with respect to manufacturer information, life <br />cycle assessment data and evidences. <br />The EPD was created according to the specifications <br />of EN 15804+A2. In the following, the standard will be <br />simplified as EN 15804. <br />Verification</p> <p>The standard EN 15804 serves as the core PCR <br />Independent verification of the declaration and data <br />according to ISO 14025:2010 <br />internally <br />x externally</p> <p>Dipl. Ing. Hans Peters <br />(chairman of Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.)</p> <p>Matthias Schulz <br />(Independent verifier)</p> <p>Dr. Alexander Röder <br />(Managing Director Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.))</p> <p>2. Product <br />2.1 <br />Information about the enterprise <br />EFCA (European Federation of Concrete Admixtures <br />Associations) was formed in 1984 as a partnership <br />between national admixture associations in order to <br />promote the interests of the industry at European level. <br />For more information (such as membershiplist) see: <br />www.efca.info <br />2.2 <br />Product description/Product definition <br />Admixtures are liquid or powdery agents that are <br />introduced in small amounts (< 5% by mass of the <br />2</p> <p>cement content) to concrete while it is being mixed and <br />that enhance the properties of the fresh and/or <br />hardened concrete. <br />Air entrainers are admixtures that generate during the <br />mixing process a defined quantity of small, uniformly <br />distributed air voids that remain in the concrete after <br />hardening. <br />The results of the Life Cycle Assessment provided in <br />this declaration have been selected from the product <br />with the highest environmental impact (worst-case <br />scenario).</p> <p>Environmental Product Declaration EFCA – Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>The product needs a declaration of performance <br />taking into consideration EN 934-2:2009+A1:2012, <br />Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: <br />Concrete admixtures – Definitions, requirements, <br />conformity, marking and labelling and the CE-marking. <br />For the application and use the respective national <br />provisions apply. <br />2.3 <br />Application <br />Concrete admixtures are used as constituent materials <br />for the production of concrete, mortar and grout <br />(unreinforced concrete, reinforced and prestressed <br />concrete, site-mixed and ready-mixed concrete, <br />precast concrete). Their application should be in line <br />with the manufacturer’s technical documents and <br />Declaration of Performance. <br />2.4 <br />Technical Data <br />Air entrainers must comply with the general <br />requirements of EN 934-1 and the additional <br />requirements of EN 934-2. <br />The corresponding requirements in line with EN 934-1 <br />and EN 934-2 must be maintained. <br />Constructional data <br />Name</p> <p>Density /ISO 758/ <br />Solids content /EN 480-8/ <br />pH value /ISO 4316/</p> <p>Chloride content /EN 480-10/</p> <p>Alkali content /EN 480-12/</p> <p>Corrosion behavior /EN 934-1/, <br />/EN 480-14/ <br />SiO2 content /EN 192-2/</p> <p>Value</p> <p>Unit</p> <p>1 - 1.6 <br />g/ml <br />-¹ <br />M.-% <br />-¹ <br />-log10(aH+) <br />Maximum <br />value to be <br />declared <br />M.-% <br />by the <br />manufactur <br />er <br />Maximum <br />value to be <br />declared <br />M.-% <br />by the <br />manufactur <br />er <br />-²</p> <p>μ A/cm2</p> <p>-³ <br />M.-% <br />Test mix ≥ <br />2.5% by <br />volume <br />above <br />Air content of fresh concrete /EN <br />control <br />Vol.-% <br />12350-7/ <br />mix. Total <br />air content <br />4% to 6% <br />by volume <br />At 28 days: <br />Compressive strength /EN 12390- test mix ≥ <br />N/mm2 <br />3/ <br />75% of <br />control mix <br />Water reduction /EN 12350-2/, <br />-⁴ <br />mm <br />/EN 12350-5/ Plasticizer <br />Increasing / maintaining of <br />consistence /EN 12350-2/, /EN <br />-⁴ <br />mm <br />12350-5/ Superplasticizer <br />Setting time /EN 480-2/ <br />-⁴ <br />min <br />Accelerator/Retarder <br />Spacing <br />Air void Characteristics in <br />factor in <br />hardened concrete /EN 480-11/ <br />the test <br />mm <br />Air entrainer <br />mix ≤ 0.2 <br />mm <br />Capillary water absorption /EN <br />-⁴ <br />g/mm2 <br />3</p> <p>480-5/ Densifier <br />¹ Value will be made available to user on request <br />² No corrosion behaviour test is required for admixtures <br />which only contain active substances in the list of <br />approved substances to EN 934-1, Annexe A.1 and in <br />the list of declared substances to EN 934-1, Annexe <br />A.2. <br />³ Maximum value must only be indicated when SiO2 <br />percentage by mass > 5 % <br />⁴ Details not relevant for this type of admixture</p> <p>Performance data of the product in accordance with <br />the declaration of performance with respect to its <br />essential characteristics according to EN 934-2, <br />Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: <br />Concrete admixtures – Definitions, requirements, <br />conformity, marking and labelling. <br />2.5 <br />Delivery status <br />Air entrainers are usually supplied in liquid, paste or <br />powder form in containers made of steel or plastic. <br />Typical container sizes are canisters containing <br />approx. 25 kg, drums with approx. 200 kg or <br />Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBC) with 1000 kg. The <br />containers are shipped on wooden pallets. <br />For larger applications, loose deliveries in tank trucks <br />with a capacity in excess of 1 tonne are also used. <br />2.6 <br />Base materials/Ancillary materials <br />Air entrainers contain surface-active substances, <br />referred to as tensides. Soaps from natural resins or <br />synthetic nonionic and ionic tensides (e.g. alkyl <br />polyglycol ether, alkyl sulphates and alkyl sulphonates) <br />as well as preservatives are added as minor <br />components and auxiliaries. <br />The active substance level of air entrainers usually <br />used in Europe lies between 0.5 and 5 % by mass <br />(concentrates up to 20 % by mass) for doses of 0.05 to <br />1.0 % by mass in relation to the cement weight. <br />The products covered by this EPD typically contain the <br />following proportions by mass of constituent materials <br />and auxiliaries referred to: <br />Tensides*: <br />max. 13 % <br />Natural resins*: <br />max. 13 % <br />Fatty acids*: <br />max. 5 % <br />Additives: <br />max. 3 % <br />Water: <br />approx. 74 - 97 % <br />*Solid content <br />These volumes are average values and the <br />composition of products complying with the EPD can <br />deviate from these concentration levels in individual <br />cases. <br />Note: For companies to declare their products within <br />the scope of this EPD it is not sufficient to simply <br />comply with the product composition shown above. <br />The application of this EPD is only possible for <br />member companies of EFCA’s member associations <br />and only for specific formulations with a total score <br />below the declared maximum score for a product <br />group according to the associated guidance document. <br />Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers are mixtures <br />under the chemical legislation (REACH and <br />classification, labelling and packaging CLP).</p> <p>Environmental Product Declaration EFCA – Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>1. substances from the “Candidate List of <br />Substances of Very High Concern for <br />Authorisation” <br />(SVHC) <br />If this product contains substances listed in the <br />candidate list (latest version) exceeding 0.1 <br />percentage by mass, the relevant information can be <br />found in the safety data sheet of the relevant product <br />covered by this model EPD <br />If the construction product (concrete admixture - air <br />entrainer) contains SVHC exceeding 0.1 percentage <br />by mass, the respective SVHC, its CAS number, <br />information on the concentration and / or concentration <br />range together with information on their hazardous <br />properties are listed in the safety data sheet of the <br />respective product. <br />2. CMR substances in categories 1A and 1B <br />If this product contains other carcinogenic, mutagenic, <br />reprotoxic (CMR) substances in categories 1A or 1B <br />which are not on the candidate list, exceeding 0.1 <br />percentage by mass, the relevant information can be <br />found in the safety data sheet of the relevant product <br />covered by this model EPD. <br />If the construction product (concrete admixture - air <br />entrainer) contains CMR substances in categories 1A <br />or 1B exceeding 0.1 percentage by mass, the <br />respective CMR substances, information on the <br />concentration and/or concentration range together with <br />information on their hazardous properties are listed in <br />the safety data sheet of the respective product. <br />3. Biocide products added to the construction <br />product <br />Biocide products were added to this construction <br />product, or it has been treated with biocide products <br />(this then concerns a treated product as defined by the <br />(EU) Ordinance on Biocide Products No. 528/2012) <br />Usually the construction product (concrete admixture air entrainer) contain small amounts (< 0.5 % by mass) <br />of biocides of the product type “in-can preservatives”. <br />The information which active substances are contained <br />in the product can be found in the safety data sheet of <br />the relevant product covered by this model EPD. <br />If the construction product (concrete admixture - air <br />entrainer) contains biocide products, the active <br />substances, information on the concentration and/or <br />concentration range, the product type together with <br />information on their hazardous properties are listed in <br />the safety data sheet of the respective product. <br />2.7 <br />Manufacture <br />Concrete admixtures are usually manufactured by <br />mixing ingredients (together) in batch mode and filling <br />containers for dispatch. The process follows quality <br />standards outlined in EN 934-6. <br />2.8</p> <p>Environment and health during <br />manufacturing <br />As a general rule, no environmental or health <br />protection measures other than those specified by law <br />are necessary. <br />4</p> <p>2.9 <br />Product processing/Installation <br />During concrete manufacture, concrete admixtures are <br />usually added along with the mixing water or included <br />in premixed concrete. <br />Health and safety measures (eye protection, hand <br />protection, possibly respiratory equipment and body <br />protection) are to be taken and consistently adhered to <br />in accordance with the information on the safety data <br />sheet and conditions on site. <br />2.10 Packaging <br />Reusable containers are, where practicable taken back <br />by the manufacturer and redirected into the production <br />circuit. Empty plastic or steel containers which can no <br />longer be used are recyclable. <br />Wooden reusable pallets are, where practicable taken <br />back by the manufacturer or building material trader <br />who returns them to the building product manufacturer <br />redirecting them into the production process. <br />2.11 Condition of use <br />During the use phase, concrete admixtures are firmly <br />bound into the cement matrix in hardened concrete. <br />Concrete admixtures make an essential contribution <br />towards optimizing the physical and chemical <br />properties of concrete enhancing its performance, <br />durability, economic value and sustainability. <br />2.12 Environment and health during use <br />During the use phase, concrete admixtures are firmly <br />bound into the cement matrix in hardened concrete. <br />No relevant risks are known for water, air and soil if the <br />products are used as designated. <br />2.13 Reference service life <br />Not relevant as this declaration relates to a preliminary <br />product. <br />2.14</p> <p>Extraordinary effects</p> <p>Fire <br />Not relevant as this declaration relates to a preliminary <br />product. <br />Fire protection <br />Not relevant as this declaration relates to a preliminary <br />product . <br />Water <br />Not relevant as this declaration relates to a preliminary <br />product. <br />Mechanical destruction <br />Not relevant as this declaration relates to a preliminary <br />product. <br />2.15 Re-use phase <br />Not relevant as this declaration relates to a preliminary <br />product. <br />2.16 Disposal <br />Empty, dried containers are directed to the recycling <br />process where practicable. <br />Packaging residue must be directed to proper waste <br />disposal taking local guidelines into consideration. <br />Admixture residues, during the installation phase into <br />the building, are directed to landfill. Admixture applied <br />into the building and dismantled at the end of the</p> <p>Environmental Product Declaration EFCA – Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>product service life cannot be separated anymore from <br />concrete. For this reason, this admixture is sent <br />directly to landfill along with concrete. The European <br />Waste Code (EWC) applicable for the declared product <br />can be assimilated to the concrete EWC 170101.</p> <p>2.17 Further information <br />More information is available in the manufacturers' <br />product or safety data sheets on the manufacturers' <br />Web sites or on request. <br />An electronic version of this declaration is available <br />at www.efca.info and www.ibu-epd.com</p> <p>3. LCA: Calculation rules <br />3.1 <br />Declared Unit <br />This EPD refers to the declared unit of 1 kg concrete <br />admixture applied into the building with a density of 11.6 kg/l in accordance with the IBU PCR 11.2017 Part <br />B for concrete admixtures. The maximum dosage of air <br />entrainers is 1 % by mass related to the cement <br />content in the concrete. <br />The results of the Life Cycle Assessment provided in <br />this declaration have been selected from the product <br />with the highest environmental impact (worst-case <br />scenario). <br />Depending on the application, a corresponding <br />conversion factor such as the density to convert <br />volumetric use to mass must be taken into <br />consideration. <br />The Declaration type is according to EN 15804: Cradle <br />to gate with options, modules C1–C4, and module D</p> <p>during the incineration of wastes in module A5, which <br />are declared in module D. <br />3.3 <br />Estimates and assumptions <br />For this EPD formulation and production data <br />defined by EFCA were considered. Production waste <br />was assumed to be disposed of to landfill without <br />credits as a worst case. <br />An average of steel and plastic containers, and <br />wooden pallets was considered in the LCA. <br />3.4 <br />Cut-off criteria <br />All raw materials submitted for the formulations and <br />production data were taken into consideration. <br />The manufacture of machinery, plant and other <br />infrastructure required for production of the products <br />under review was not taken into consideration in the <br />LCA. <br />Transport of packaging materials is excluded.</p> <p>Declared unit <br />Name</p> <p>Value</p> <p>Unit</p> <p>Declared unit</p> <p>1 <br />1000 1600 <br />-</p> <p>kg</p> <p>Gross density <br />Conversion factor to 1 kg</p> <p>kg/m3 <br />-</p> <p>3.2 <br />System boundary <br />Modules A1, A2 and A3 are taken into consideration in <br />the LCA: <br />- A1 Production of preliminary products <br />- A2 Transport to the plant <br />- A3 Production incl. provision of energy, production of <br />packaging as well as auxiliaries and consumables and <br />waste treatment <br />-A5 Installation, admixtures applied into the building <br />during A5 phase operations and packaging disposal. <br />Packaging disposal considered is described below: <br />-Incineration, for materials like plastic and wood. <br />-Landfill, for inert material like metals (where used). <br />-C1-C2-C4-D <br />The building deconstruction (demolition process) takes <br />place in C1 module which considers energy production <br />and consumption in terms of diesel and all the <br />emissions connected with the fuel-burning process. <br />After the demolition, admixture is transported to the <br />end-of-life processing (C2 module) where all the <br />impacts related to the transport processes are <br />considered. For precautionary principle and as worstcase scenario, disposal is the only end-of-life scenario <br />considered. This is modelled by landfill process <br />(module C4) where admixtures end their life cycle. <br />Module D accounts for benefits that are beyond the <br />defined system boundaries. Credits are generated</p> <p>5</p> <p>3.5 <br />Background data <br />Data from the GaBi database SP40 (2020) was used <br />as background data. <br />3.6 <br />Data quality <br />Representative products were applied for this EPD and <br />the product in the group displaying the highest <br />environmental impact was selected for calculating the <br />LCA results. The background data sets used are no <br />more than 4 years old. <br />Production data and packaging are based on details <br />provided by the manufacturer. The formulation used for <br />evaluation refers to a specific product. <br />The data quality of the background data is considered <br />to be good. <br />3.7 <br />Period under review <br />Representative formulations are valid for 2019 under <br />consideration of data from 2011. <br />3.8 <br />Allocation <br />Mass allocation have been applied when primary data <br />have been used and implemented into the LCA model. <br />3.9 <br />Comparability <br />Basically, a comparison or an evaluation of EPD data <br />is only possible if all the data sets to be compared <br />were created according to EN 15804 and the building <br />context, respectively the product-specific <br />characteristics of performance, are taken into account. <br />The GaBi database SP40 (2020) has been used.</p> <p>.</p> <p>Environmental Product Declaration EFCA – Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>4. LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information <br />Characteristic product properties <br />Information on biogenic Carbon <br />The packaging material contains biogenic carbon <br />content which has been presented below. <br />Information on describing the biogenic Carbon <br />Content at factory gate <br />Name</p> <p>Biogenic Carbon Content in <br />product <br />Biogenic Carbon Content in <br />accompanying packaging</p> <p>Value</p> <p>Unit</p> <p>0</p> <p>kg C</p> <p>0.00387</p> <p>kg C</p> <p>Modules A1-A3, A5, C1, C2, C4 and D are declared. <br />Assembly (A5) <br />Name</p> <p>Other resources for packaging <br />material <br />Material loss</p> <p>Value</p> <p>Unit</p> <p>0.04228</p> <p>kg</p> <p>0.01</p> <p>kg</p> <p>Material loss regards the amount of admixture <br />not used during the application phase into the building. <br />This amount is 1% of the admixture, impacts related to <br />the production of this admixture part are charged to A5 <br />module. This admixture percentage is considered as <br />waste to disposal and impacts of its end of life have <br />been considered into the LCA model and declared in <br />A5.</p> <p>End of life (C1-C4) <br />Name</p> <p>Collected as mixed construction <br />waste <br />Landfilling</p> <p>6</p> <p>Value</p> <p>Unit</p> <p>1</p> <p>kg</p> <p>1</p> <p>kg</p> <p>Environmental Product Declaration EFCA – Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>5. LCA: Results <br />Disclaimer: <br />EP-freshwater: This indicator has been calculated as “kg P eq” as required in the characterization model <br />(EUTREND model, Struijs et al., 2009b, as implemented in ReCiPe; <br />http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/LCDN/developerEF.xhtml) <br />DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BOUNDARY (X = INCLUDED IN LCA; ND = MODULE OR INDICATOR NOT <br />DECLARED; MNR = MODULE NOT RELEVANT)</p> <p>B3</p> <p>B4</p> <p>X</p> <p>X</p> <p>X</p> <p>ND</p> <p>X</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ReuseRecoveryRecyclingpotential</p> <p>Replacement</p> <p>B2</p> <p>Disposal</p> <p>Repair</p> <p>B1</p> <p>Waste processing</p> <p>Maintenance</p> <p>A5</p> <p>Transport</p> <p>Use</p> <p>A4</p> <p>De-construction <br />demolition</p> <p>Assembly</p> <p>A3</p> <p>Operational water <br />use</p> <p>Transport from the <br />gate to the site</p> <p>A2</p> <p>END OF LIFE STAGE</p> <p>Operational energy <br />use</p> <p>Manufacturing</p> <p>A1</p> <p>BENEFITS AND <br />LOADS <br />BEYOND THE <br />SYSTEM <br />BOUNDARIES</p> <p>Refurbishment</p> <p>Transport</p> <p>USE STAGE</p> <p>Raw material <br />supply</p> <p>PRODUCT STAGE</p> <p>CONSTRUCTI <br />ON PROCESS <br />STAGE</p> <p>B5</p> <p>B6</p> <p>B7</p> <p>C1</p> <p>C2</p> <p>C3</p> <p>C4</p> <p>D</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>X</p> <p>X</p> <p>ND</p> <p>X</p> <p>X</p> <p>MNR MNR MNR</p> <p>RESULTS OF THE LCA - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT according to EN 15804+A2: 1 kg air entrainer <br />Core Indicator</p> <p>Unit</p> <p>Global warming potential - total <br />[kg CO2-Eq.] <br />Global warming potential - fossil fuels <br />[kg CO2-Eq.] <br />Global warming potential - biogenic <br />[kg CO2-Eq.] <br />GWP from land use and land use change <br />[kg CO2-Eq.] <br />Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer <br />[kg CFC11-Eq.] <br />Acidification potential, accumulated exceedance <br />[mol H+-Eq.] <br />Eutrophication, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater <br />[kg PO4-Eq.] <br />end compartment <br />Eutrophication, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end <br />[kg N-Eq.] <br />compartment <br />Eutrophication, accumulated exceedance <br />[mol N-Eq.] <br />Formation potential of tropospheric ozone photochemical <br />[kg NMVOC-Eq.] <br />oxidants <br />Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources <br />[kg Sb-Eq.] <br />Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources <br />[MJ] <br />Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted [m³ world-Eq <br />water consumption (WDP) <br />deprived]</p> <p>A1-A3</p> <p>A5</p> <p>C1</p> <p>C2</p> <p>C4</p> <p>D</p> <p>4.39E-1 <br />4.86E-1 <br />-8.48E-2 <br />3.89E-2 <br />6.74E-9 <br />1.83E-3</p> <p>1.21E-1 <br />1.02E-1 <br />1.89E-2 <br />3.90E-4 <br />6.74E-11 <br />3.21E-5</p> <p>2.79E-4 <br />2.66E-4 <br />1.24E-5 <br />6.39E-9 <br />2.84E-20 <br />3.60E-6</p> <p>1.24E-2 <br />1.18E-2 <br />5.42E-4 <br />2.79E-7 <br />1.24E-18 <br />3.73E-5</p> <p>1.53E-2 <br />1.52E-2 <br />4.80E-5 <br />4.37E-5 <br />5.62E-17 <br />1.09E-4</p> <p>-5.53E-2 <br />-5.51E-2 <br />-1.30E-4 <br />-3.89E-5 <br />-5.80E-16 <br />-7.75E-5</p> <p>4.73E-6</p> <p>4.88E-8</p> <p>5.75E-11</p> <p>2.51E-9</p> <p>2.61E-8</p> <p>-7.16E-8</p> <p>2.91E-4</p> <p>6.18E-6</p> <p>1.63E-6</p> <p>1.72E-5</p> <p>2.80E-5</p> <p>-2.00E-5</p> <p>4.59E-3</p> <p>1.08E-4</p> <p>1.79E-5</p> <p>1.89E-4</p> <p>3.08E-4</p> <p>-2.14E-4</p> <p>1.06E-3</p> <p>2.01E-5</p> <p>4.91E-6</p> <p>3.39E-5</p> <p>8.48E-5</p> <p>-5.75E-5</p> <p>6.14E-7 <br />1.21E+1</p> <p>6.31E-9 <br />1.40E-1</p> <p>8.06E-12 <br />3.81E-3</p> <p>3.52E-10 <br />1.66E-1</p> <p>1.36E-9 <br />1.99E-1</p> <p>-9.10E-9 <br />-9.35E-1</p> <p>1.48E-1</p> <p>1.25E-2</p> <p>5.27E-7</p> <p>2.30E-5</p> <p>1.59E-3</p> <p>-5.76E-3</p> <p>RESULTS OF THE LCA - INDICATORS TO DESCRIBE RESOURCE USE according to EN 15804+A2: 1 kg <br />air entrainer <br />Indicator</p> <p>Unit</p> <p>A1-A3</p> <p>A5</p> <p>C1</p> <p>C2</p> <p>C4</p> <p>D</p> <p>Renewable primary energy as energy carrier <br />Renewable primary energy resources as material utilization <br />Total use of renewable primary energy resources <br />Non-renewable primary energy as energy carrier <br />Non-renewable primary energy as material utilization <br />Total use of non-renewable primary energy resources <br />Use of secondary material <br />Use of renewable secondary fuels <br />Use of non-renewable secondary fuels <br />Use of net fresh water</p> <p>[MJ] <br />[MJ] <br />[MJ] <br />[MJ] <br />[MJ] <br />[MJ] <br />[kg] <br />[MJ] <br />[MJ] <br />[m³]</p> <p>1.43E+0 <br />1.42E-1 <br />1.58E+0 <br />1.08E+1 <br />1.32E+0 <br />1.22E+1 <br />0.00E+0 <br />0.00E+0 <br />0.00E+0 <br />3.75E-3</p> <p>1.61E-1 <br />-1.42E-1 <br />1.91E-2 <br />1.46E+0 <br />-1.32E+0 <br />1.40E-1 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />2.96E-4</p> <p>1.20E-5 <br />ND <br />1.20E-5 <br />3.81E-3 <br />ND <br />3.81E-3 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />2.16E-8</p> <p>5.25E-4 <br />ND <br />5.25E-4 <br />1.67E-1 <br />ND <br />1.67E-1 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />9.41E-7</p> <p>2.61E-2 <br />ND <br />2.61E-2 <br />1.99E-1 <br />ND <br />1.99E-1 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />5.02E-5</p> <p>-2.06E-1 <br />ND <br />-2.06E-1 <br />-9.35E-1 <br />ND <br />-9.35E-1 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />-2.38E-4</p> <p>RESULTS OF THE LCA – WASTE CATEGORIES AND OUTPUT FLOWS according to EN 15804+A2: <br />1 kg air entrainer <br />Indicator</p> <p>Unit</p> <p>A1-A3</p> <p>A5</p> <p>C1</p> <p>C2</p> <p>C4</p> <p>D</p> <p>Hazardous waste disposed <br />Non-hazardous waste disposed <br />Radioactive waste disposed <br />Components for re-use <br />Materials for recycling <br />Materials for energy recovery <br />Exported electrical energy <br />Exported thermal energy</p> <p>[kg] <br />[kg] <br />[kg] <br />[kg] <br />[kg] <br />[kg] <br />[MJ] <br />[MJ]</p> <p>1.45E-4 <br />2.00E-2 <br />2.96E-4 <br />0.00E+0 <br />0.00E+0 <br />0.00E+0 <br />0.00E+0 <br />0.00E+0</p> <p>1.45E-6 <br />1.15E-2 <br />3.93E-6 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />2.35E-1 <br />4.19E-1</p> <p>3.70E-13 <br />3.90E-7 <br />4.09E-9 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>1.62E-11 <br />1.70E-5 <br />1.79E-7 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>3.03E-9 <br />1.00E+0 <br />2.27E-6 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>-3.73E-10 <br />-4.34E-4 <br />-7.03E-5 <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>RESULTS OF THE LCA – additional impact categories according to EN 15804+A2-optional: <br />1 kg air entrainer</p> <p>7</p> <p>Environmental Product Declaration EFCA – Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>Indicator</p> <p>Unit</p> <p>Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions</p> <p>[Disease <br />Incidence] <br />[kBq U235Eq.] <br />[CTUe] <br />[CTUh] <br />[CTUh] <br />[-]</p> <p>Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 <br />Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems <br />Potential comparative toxic unit for humans - cancerogenic <br />Potential comparative toxic unit for humans - not cancerogenic <br />Potential soil quality index</p> <p>A1-A3</p> <p>A5</p> <p>C1</p> <p>C2</p> <p>C4</p> <p>D</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND</p> <p>ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>ND <br />ND <br />ND <br />ND</p> <p>Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235, Disclaimer 1 – This impact category deals mainly with the <br />eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider <br />effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor radioactive waste disposal in underground <br />facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and (from) some construction materials is also not <br />measured by this indicator. <br />ADP minerals & metals, ADP fossil, WDP, ETF-fw, HTP-c, HTP-nc, SQP, Disclaimer 2 – The results of this <br />environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is <br />limited experience with the indicator. <br />Additional environmental impact indicators (suggested by EN15804, table 4) are not declared in the EPD. The <br />results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high <br />and as there is limited experience with the indicator (see ILCD classification in EN 15804, table 5). For this <br />reason, results based on these indicators are not considered suitable for a decision-making process and are thus <br />not declared in the EPD.</p> <p>6. LCA: Interpretation <br />When considering upstream production and transport <br />of pre-products as well as manufacturing of the <br />concrete admixture (modules A1-A3), the main driver <br />of impacts in almost all categories is the production of <br />pre-products (module A1), generally more than 55 %. <br />For global warming potential (GWP) more than half of <br />the impacts are from pre-products production <br />processes like tensides and related chemical <br />precursors. The manufacturing process is the second <br />contributor (less than half of the total GWP). Important <br />contributors to this indicator during the manufacturing <br />process are electricity production consumed during the <br />admixture production process (module A3) and plastic <br />production consumed for the packaging of the final <br />product. European electricity grid mix is an important <br />contributor to eutrophication marine (9 %). The <br />European electricity grid mix also has an influence on <br />acidification (7 %) and eutrophication terrestrial (6 %). <br />Renewable primary energy demand (PERT) is <br />influenced by electricity production (about 31 %) and <br />for the rest by pre-products production. Non-renewable <br />primary energy demand (PENRT) is influenced almost <br />only by pre-products production (about 75 %) and <br />electricity for 9 %. Treatment of production waste has <br />negligible contribution to impacts in all categories <br />except eutrophication freshwater (8 %), where <br />landfilling of production waste has an influence. <br />Packaging production has an influence mainly (only) <br />for photochemical ozone production (13 %). <br />The other life cycle phases have minor influence, <br />generally lower than 8 % except for the end-of-life <br />phase where photochemical ozone formation is <br />influenced for 11 %, eutrophication marine 15 % and <br />eutrophication terrestrial 10 %. Acidification is <br />influenced the end-of-life phase for 7 %.</p> <p>A5 module is mainly dominated by the incineration <br />process of packaging wastes, in particular the <br />incineration of plastic (HDPE) is the main contributor <br />for all indicators followed by incineration of wood <br />packaging. This module accounts also for the calorific <br />value of the packaging considered as (an) output and <br />therefore with a negative value. This influence <br />PENRM, non-renewable energy content by plastic <br />packaging and PERM, renewable energy content by <br />wood packaging. <br />Considering the entire end of life modules, landfill for <br />construction wastes is the main contributor for all the <br />impact considered, followed by the truck used for <br />transporting the waste from the building site to the <br />landfill. <br />C1 module: the combustion of fuel occurring during <br />demolition processes is the main contributor for this <br />module and (for) all the impacts considered. <br />C2 module: trucks used for waste transport and related <br />combustion emissions are the main contributor for all <br />impacts considered. <br />C4 module: landfill process and in particular energy <br />consumed for landfill management and operation is the <br />main contributor for all the impacts considered. <br />D module is influenced by the potential credits <br />generated during installation module (A5), thanks to <br />the energy produced by the incineration processes <br />used for packaging disposal and secondly by the <br />incineration of the admixture residue when this <br />material can be incinerated (thanks to its calorific <br />value). If the admixture has a calorific value, it can be <br />sent to incineration because, during this phase, the <br />residual admixture is not melted with concrete.</p> <p>7. Requisite evidence <br />8</p> <p>Environmental Product Declaration EFCA – Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>As this involves a declaration of preliminary products, <br />special tests and evidence within the framework of <br />drawing up this Model Environmental Product <br />Declaration have not been carried out or provided.</p> <p>8. References <br />Candidate list <br />Candidate list List of those eligible for approval <br />substances of very high concern to the European <br />Chemicals Agency, as of July 2021. <br />CLP <br />Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European <br />Parliament and of the Council on classification, <br />labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, <br />as of Febrary 03-2021 <br />CPR <br />Construction Production Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 <br />of the European Parliament and of the council of 9 <br />March 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the <br />marketing of construction products and repealing <br />Council Directive 89/106/EEC <br />EN ISO 9001:2015 <br />EN ISO 9001:2015, Quality management systems – <br />Requirements (ISO 9001:2015) <br />EN 196-2:2013 <br />EN 196-2:2013, Test methods for cement – Part 2: <br />Chemical analysis of cement <br />EN 206:2013+A1:2016 <br />EN 206:2013+A1:2016, Concrete – Part 1: <br />Specification, performance, production and conformity <br />EN 480-1:2014 <br />EN 480-1:2014, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods – Part 1: Reference concrete <br />and reference mortar for testing <br />EN 480-2:2006 <br />EN 480-2:2006, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods – Part 2: Determination of setting <br />time <br />EN 480-4:2005 <br />EN 480-4:2005, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods – Part 4: Determination of <br />bleeding of concrete <br />EN 480-5:2005 <br />EN 480-5:2005, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods – Part 5: Determination of <br />capillary absorption <br />EN 480-6:2005 <br />EN 480-6:2005, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods – Part 6: Infra red analysis <br />EN 480-8:2012 <br />EN 480-8:2012, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods – Part 8: Determination of the <br />conventional dry material content <br />EN 480-10:2009 <br />EN 480-10:2009, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods – Part 10: Determination of <br />water-soluble chloride content <br />9</p> <p>EN 480-11:2005 <br />EN 480-11:2005, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods - Part 11: Determination of air <br />void characteristics in hardened concrete <br />EN 480-12:2005 <br />EN 480-12:2005, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods – Part 12: Determination of the <br />alkali content of admixtures <br />EN 480-14:2006 <br />EN 480-14:2006, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Test methods – Part 14: Determination of the <br />effect on corrosion susceptibility of reinforcing steel by <br />potentiostatic electro-chemical test <br />EN 934-1:2008 <br />EN 934-1:2008, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Part 1: Common requirements <br />EN 934-2:2009+A1:2012 <br />EN 934-2:2009+A1:2012, Admixtures for concrete, <br />mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete admixtures – <br />Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and <br />labelling <br />EN 934-5:2007 <br />EN 934-5:2007, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Part 5: Admixtures for sprayed concrete – <br />Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and <br />labelling <br />EN 934-6:2019 <br />EN 934-6:2019, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and <br />grout – Part 6: Sampling, assessment and verification <br />of the constancy of performance <br />EN 12350-2:2019 <br />EN 12350-2:2019, Testing fresh concrete – Part 2: <br />Slump test <br />EN 12350-5:2019 <br />EN 12350-5:2019, Testing fresh concrete – Part 5: <br />Flow table test <br />EN 12350-7:2019 <br />EN 12350-7:2019, Testing fresh concrete – Part 7: Air <br />content – Pressure methods <br />EN 12390-3:2019 <br />EN 12390-3:2019, Testing hardened concrete – Part 3: <br />Compressive strength of test specimens <br />EN 14487-1:2005 <br />EN 14487-1:2005, Sprayed concrete – Part 1: <br />Definitions, specifications and conformity <br />EN 15804: 2012+A2:2019 <br />EN 15804: 2012+A2:2019, Sustainability of <br />construction works -Environmental Product</p> <p>Environmental Product Declaration EFCA – Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>Declarations - Core rules for the product category of <br />construction products <br />EU Biocidal Products Regulation (No. 528/2012) <br />The EU Biocidal Products Regulation (No. 528/2012) <br />Guidance document for ASD industries (January 2016) <br />EWC/AVV waste code <br />Directive governing introduction of the European <br />Waste Catalogue <br />http://www.ngs-mbh.de/zs/eak.html <br />GaBi 10 software & documentation <br />Data base for Life Cycle Engineering LBP, University <br />of Stuttgart and Sphera, documentation of GaBi 10 <br />data sets http://documentation.gabi-software.com/, <br />2020 <br />IBU 2021 <br />Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.: General Instructions <br />for the EPD programme of Institut Bauen und Umwelt <br />e.V. EPD programme. Version 2.0. Berlin: Institut <br />Bauen und Umwelt e.V., 2021 <br />www.ibu-epd.com</p> <p>ISO 4316:1977 <br />ISO 4316:1977, Surface active agents; Determination <br />of the pH value of aqueous solutions; Potentiometric <br />method <br />PCR Part A <br />Product Category Rules for Building-Related Products <br />and Services, Part A: Calculation Rules for the Life <br />Cycle Assessment and Requirements on the Project <br />report, Version 1.1, Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., <br />2021-01 <br />PCR Part B <br />Product Category Rules for Construction Products, <br />Part B: Requirements on the EPD for concrete <br />admixtures, 2017-11 <br />REACH Regulation <br />Regulation (EU) No 1907/2006 of the European <br />Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 <br />concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation <br />and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)</p> <p>ISO 758:1976 <br />ISO 758:1976, Liquid chemical products for industrial <br />purposes; Determination of density at 20 °C</p> <p>10</p> <p>Environmental Product Declaration EFCA – Concrete admixtures – Air entrainers</p> <p>Publisher <br />Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. <br />Panoramastr. 1 <br />10178 Berlin <br />Germany</p> <p>Tel <br />Fax <br />Mail <br />Web</p> <p>+49 (0)30 3087748- 0 <br />+49 (0)30 3087748- 29 <br />info@ibu-epd.com <br />www.ibu-epd.com</p> <p>Programme holder <br />Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. <br />Panoramastr 1 <br />10178 Berlin <br />Germany</p> <p>Tel <br />Fax <br />Mail <br />Web</p> <p>+49 (0)30 - 3087748- 0 <br />+49 (0)30 – 3087748 - 29 <br />info@ibu-epd.com <br />www.ibu-epd.com</p> <p>Tel <br />Fax <br />Mail <br />Web</p> <p>+49 711 341817-0 <br />+49 711 341817-25 <br />info@sphera.com <br />www.sphera.com</p> <p>Tel <br />Fax <br />Mail <br />Web</p> <p>secretary@efca.info <br />www.efca.info</p> <p>Author of the Life Cycle <br />Assessment <br />Sphera Solutions GmbH <br />Hauptstraße 111- 113 <br />70771 Leinfelden-Echterdingen <br />Germany</p> <p>Owner of the Declaration <br />European Federation of Concrete <br />Admixtures Associations a.i.s.b.l. <br />(EFCA) <br />Rue d'Arlon 55 <br />1040 Brussels <br />Belgium</p>
