Assured tile installation in swimming pools and water parks
Contents 04–05
Assured waterproofing
06–07
Showers, sanitary areas and changing areas
08–09
Dry and steam saunas
10–11
Pool edge details and pool surrounds
12–15
Swimming pool systems
16–17
Penetrations and inserts Special case: green concrete substrates
18–19
Waterproof concrete
20–21
Product overview
22–23
References
Lebjaschij Aqua park Minsk, Belarus
Assured waterproofing in swimming pools Activities for remaining healthy are of great significance in our performance orientated society. For decades, swimming pools and water parks have been the most popular recreational places for the free time of all age groups. The demands on this type of construction are constantly rising and international experiences in swimming pool construction show that reinforced concrete shells clad with ceramic tiles fulfil these requirements the best and most efficiently. Swimming pools without water are like towns without people. Water is certainly falsely listed as the biggest enemy of each construction. Without doubt, most damage is caused by water. The safest and most economical way to prevent moisture damage is to install a waterproof system in combination with tiles. Tried and tested SCHOMBURG system construction products are available to waterproof in a wide variety of situations, even problematical areas and under heavy duty conditions, and to install the tiles selected.
SCHOMBURG offers complete solutions to waterproofing and tiling all areas of a swimming pool. Our systems are particularly renowned for their reliability and efficiency.
The thrill of ambitious leisure designs in adventure pools on your doorstep, sporting competitions in standardised Olympic pools and also recuperation in therapeutic pools, would lose much significance without ceramic tiles. Waterproof membranes and tile adhesives are subjected to particularly high levels of intense exposure to water and essential hygiene. Effective planning without a systematic approach is almost impossible in the challenging world of swimming pool architecture. This means the highest measures of planning care and the use of tested and proven system based products as well as technically correct implementation.
A modern swimming pool is a complex of the most varied constructions and spatialities, specific to its functions: `
Changing rooms
`
Communal showers and sanitary areas
Swimming pool surrounds
Pool shells with traditional water
Salt water pools and thermal pools
Saunas
Quiet zones
Technical rooms etc.
04 05
Waterproofing and tiling in
communal showers and sanitary areas In commercial wet rooms requires particular types of waterproofing due to the large volume of water contact. The use of bonded waterproof membranes (including tile adhesives and tiles) protect all building components from moisture. All structural components (pipe penetrations, floor drains, shower mountings etc.) must be technically integrated into the waterproofing layer.
PRIMING
` Solvent free universal primer, resistant to water and alkalis ` Contact and bonding slurry for cement-based screeds
ASO®-Unigrund ASOCRET-HB-flex
LEVELLING
` Non-sag, cement-based, rapid hardening, polymer modified,
SOLOCRET-15
low stress and creamy smoothing compound, 2-15 mm for walls ` Water repellent, rapid hardening screeding mortar with high strength
WATERPROOFING
` Flexible, mineral-based, vapour permeable waterproofing slurry
ASO®-EZ4-Plus
AQUAFIN®-2K/M AQUAFIN®-2K AQUAFIN®-RS300
for heavier duty use in interior and exterior areas Alternative: Hybrid waterproof membrane for critical applications (low temperatures and high humidity, work under time pressure) ` Joint tape for bridging bay joints and connecting joints
ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000
TILE INSTALLATION
` Mineral-based, flexible thin-bed adhesive
SOLOFLEX
GROUTING / SEALING
` Rapid hardening, flexible grout, 3–20 mm joint width ` Silicone sealant for underwater areas
ASO®-Flexfuge ESCOSIL®-2000-UW
changing areas Each swimming pool begins and ends with the changing area. There are not such high levels of moisture exposure here compared with the usual swimming pool areas but it can, however, be described as a wet area. The amount of water carried from the pool shell into the changing area by bathers is not to be underestimated. The chosen bonded tile system must survive the daily cleaning regime for the floor, the cleaning chemicals and pressure washing, without causing damage.
low stress and creamy smoothing compound, 2–15 mm for walls ` Rapid hardening screeding mortar with high strength, foot traffic after 6 hours, install tiles after 3 days
ASO®-EZ2-Plus
06 07
dry saunas
Finnish sauna · tepidarium · laconium
The sauna landscape consists of a variety of areas (e.g. dry saunas, showers and other wet rooms), which are subjected to different levels of exposure. The waterproofing and tiling systems must therefore be matched to the particular type of exposure. In a commercially used dry sauna, a high quality waterproof membrane is essential. In this case the waterproofing membrane bonded with the tiles, should be able to resist the high temperatures and regular cleaning without being damaged. A mineral-based waterproofing and tiling system can be used here.
low stress and creamy smoothing compound, 2–15 mm for walls ` Water repellent, rapid hardening screeding mortar with high strength WATERPROOFING
` Cement-based, water impermeable grout with enhanced
HF05-Brillantfuge
mechanical and chemical resistance for joint widths of 3–20 mm ` Silicone sealant for underwater areas
ESCOSIL®-2000-UW
Pool edge detail systems and pool surrounds Pool edge construction differs between high lying and low lying water levels. The pre-formed sections, whether channel linings or installed edging units, of the pool edge detail are a fundamental component of the pool shell hydraulics and water treatment. The pool edge construction with high lying water levels offers a good perspective when swimming and ‘beach characteristics’. They have no disruptive reflected waves and there can be no alarmingly unhygienic contamination deposited on the pool walls above the water level. Edge
steam saunas
Russian Banya · Turkish Hamam · Caldarium Kraxen stove bath · Roman bath
Due to the high demands from steam in a steam sauna, the waterproof membrane and the installation system must additionally have a vapour barrier function, in order to protect water sensitive building components such as e.g. building panels in polystyrene from becoming damp from water vapour. In commercial steam saunas, this can only be achieved with reaction resin systems. Waterproofing and tiling in private steam saunas, which are only occasionally used, can be carried out with mineral-based systems as in dry saunas.
The high level Wiesbaden overflow channel
detail construction with high lying water levels differs between vertical (e.g. Wiesbaden overflow channel) and sunken (e.g. Finnish overflow channel) boundaries. A successful combination of overflow channel with high water levels and a pool shell with low lying water levels is depicted with therapy pools. In these cases, the pool surrounds are situated lower than the water level. The pool edge is constructed with a Wiesbaden overflow channel with high water levels but with a recessed inner edge.
Finnish overflow channel ESCOSIL®-2000-UW Elastic sealant
` Epoxy resin-based vapour barrier for floors/walls and
INDUFLOOR®-IB1240/1245
overhead areas
` Contact and bonding slurry for cement-based screeds
ASOCRET-HB-flex
low stress and creamy smoothing compound, 2–15 mm for walls ` Water repellent, rapid hardening screeding mortar with high strength WATERPOOFING
ESCOSIL®-2000-UW Elastic sealant
AQUAFIN®-2K/M AQUAFIN®-2K Waterproof membrane ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000
AQUAFIN®-2K/M AQUAFIN®-2K Waterproof membrane INDU®-Backerrod
ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000-S
` Two component, solvent free, pigmented polyurethane resin.
ASOFLEX-AKB-Floor/Wall
Elastic, with crack-bridging properties and good chemical resistance ` Joint tape for bridging bay joints and connections
` Chemical resistant bonding and grouting based on epoxy resin,
ASODUR®-Design
pigmented, VOC free, water vapour impermeable
ASODUR®-EP/FM Capillary breaking joint filler
pigmented, VOC free, water vapour impermeable ` Silicone sealant for underwater areas
ESCOSIL®-2000-UW ASO®-EZ4-Plus Mortar bed in water repellent special cement-based
08 09
SOLOFLEX® Thin bed adhesive
ASO®-EZ4-Plus Mortar bed in water repellent special cement-based ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000
10
System build up in the pool Example: swimming pool with traditional water
swimming pools (with traditional water) In order to prevent bathing water from penetrating the levelling coats and concrete structure of a swimming pool shell, suitable and approved waterproofing systems are used in a bonded system with the surface finishes. Before installing stone and ceramic finishes, the pool shell construction is to be tested for water tightness. The testing is carried out by a trial filling, for a duration of 14 days, with chlorinated water up to the upper edge of the pool edge detail. The minimum age of the concrete substrate is, as a rule, 6 months before tiling. 10 5 5
1
2
` Mineral-based corrosion protection and adhesion promoter for
INDUCRET®-BIS-0/2
INDUCRET®-BIS-5/40 ` Contact and bonding slurry for cement-based screed
` Cement-based repair mortar 5–40 mm ` Water repellent, rapid hardening screed mortar with
INDUCRET®-BIS-5/40 ASO®-EZ4-Plus
high strength
3
6
heavier duty use in interior and exterior areas Alternative: hybrid waterproof membrane for critical applications (low temperatures and high humidity, work under time pressure) ` Special joint tape for increased requirements and heavy duty use ` Special waterproof pre-formed pieces
ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000-S ASO®-Joint-Sleeve-Floor
7
4 5
` Flexible, mineral-based, vapour permeable waterproofing slurry for
5
8 7
GROUTING/ SEALING
8
9
mechanical and chemical resistance for joint widths of 3–20 mm ` Silicone sealant for underwater areas ` Internal joint sealing (details see page 19)
` Capillary breaking joint (details see page 15)
4
HF05-Brillantfuge 5
ESCOSIL -2000-UW ®
11 12
Example: swimming pool with brine water
swimming pools (with brine water) In addition to pools filled with traditional bathing water, brine water pools and their surrounds are subjected to chemical exposure from minerals and salts. Waterproof membranes and adhesives used in these areas must be resistant to them. The optional use of a conductive strip and a conductive coating between primer and waterproofing membrane gives the possibility of testing the waterproofing membrane for water tightness without destruction using a spark coil test under high voltage, so that the time-consuming and costly assessment of pool waterproofing via the 14 day trial filling with water can be dispensed with. In this case our DENSARE®-2002 system is used.
10 5 5
11 ` Universal primer based on epoxy resin, low viscosity
INDUFLOOR®-IB1270
12 ` Epoxy resin based repair mortar
INDUFLOOR®-IB4010
13 ` Self adhesive copper conductive strip (for control level, optional) ` Aqueous conductive coating based on epoxy resin (for control level, optional) 5 ` Special waterproof tape for higher requirements and heavy duty 6 ` Special waterproof pre-formed pieces ` 2 component, solvent free, pigmented polyurethane resin. Elastic, 14
INDU®-ConductiveStrip INDUFLOOR®-IB2115 ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000-S ASO®-Joint-Sleeve-Floor ASOFLEX-AKB-Floor/Wall
with crack-bridging properties and good chemical resistance, blue and grey
PLANT ROOM: CONSTRUCTION FOR FLOORS TILE INSTALLATION 16
15
20 INDUFLOOR®-IB2360
As a water vapour permeable seal
15 19 14
5 18
13
INDUFLOOR®-IB2360 As a water vapour permeable primer ASO®-EZ4-Plus Water repellent, rapid hardening screed mortar with high strength
12 11 9
17 ASOCRET-HB-flex Contact and bonding slurry for cement-based screeds
16
pigmented, VOC free, water vapour impermeable ` Epoxi-based tiling adhesives and jointing mortar for wall areas
ASODUR®-EK98-Wall
pigmented, VOC free, water vapour impermeable ` Silicone sealant for underwater areas 9 ` Internal joint sealing (details see page 19) 10 ` Capillary breaking joint (details see page 15)
13 14
Capillary breaking joint The installation of pool edge tiles and pre-formed units on to the pool edge is particularly well proven with the hydrophobic screed and bedding mortar, ASO®-EZ4-Plus, in external pools. The risk of frost damage, which is very high at the pool edge detail in external pools, is considerably reduced through the mortar’s special properties, when correctly installed without voids.
The water level lies higher or at least at the same surface level as the ceramic tiling on the pool surround. This causes capillary water pressure, which leads to water in the floor construction of the pool surround if planning and implementation is not carried out properly or technically correct. The problem is solved by a special capillary breaking joint which prevents capillary water transportation. A safe and effective design for such a joint is guaranteed through the use of ASODUR®-EP/FM – a product which was specially developed for this purpose.
Therapy pools (brine pools) Pool surrounds ASODUR®-EK98-Wall Grout ASODUR®-EK98-Wall Adhesive
ASOFLEX-AKB Waterproof membrane ASOFLEX-AKB Waterproof membrane (INDUFLOOR®-IB1270 primer)
INDUFLOOR®-IB-4010 ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000 ASOFLEX-AKB Waterproof membrane (INDUFLOOR®-IB1270 primer)
The pool shell construction is to be structurally separated from the other load-bearing constructions of a swimming pool. An optimum solution is e.g. the simple support of the pool surround on the pool shell. A movement joint is incorporated at the jointing point. In the course of the waterproofing measures, the joint is waterproofed with ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000-S and the associated pre-formed pieces. It is to be noted that the position of the expansion joint at a width of 10–20 mm is determined by the Structural Engineer and appropriately allowed into the structural calculations. There are usually various plant rooms beneath the pool surround which are to be protected from water. When selecting a waterproofing system for the pool surround presume the same demands as for the associated pool shell.
Waterproofing
penetrations and inserts Inserts with an adhesive flange of approx. 5 cm in width have proven themselves for the assured waterproofing of penetrations and fixing points. In the ideal case, such inserts are allowed for during planning and are already present in the design plans. During concrete works, they are simply inserted into the body of the concrete. Waterproofing such inserts is easy, quick and secure – after bonding the ASO®-Joint-Sleeve, the waterproof membrane is applied and overlapped onto the flange.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08
09 ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000 INDU®-Backerrod ASO®-Joint-Tape-2000-S ASODUR®-EK98-Wall Grout
TRADITIONAL WATER 01 ` Flange 02 ` ASO®-Joint-Sleeve-Floor 03 ` AQUAFIN®-2K/M, AQUAFIN®-2K or AQUAFIN®-RS300 04 ` SOLOFLEX 05 ` Tiles 06 ` Cover 07 ` Light housing 08 ` Concrete shell 09 ` HF05-Brillantfuge BRINE WATER POOL / THERMAL WATER 01 ` Flange 02 ` ASO®-Joint-Sleeve-Floor 03 ` ASOFLEX-AKB-Wall 04 ` ASODUR®-EK98-Wall 05 ` Tiles 06 ` Cover 07 ` Light housing 08 ` Concrete shell 09 ` ASODUR®-Design
Special case
Tile installation in pools on green concrete substrates (Pool shell age > 28 days < 6 months) In standard methodology, tile installation in swimming pools cannot be carried out before 6 months after completion of the concreting works (dependent on ambient conditions and pool shell construction even later). There is a particular problem with installing tiles on green concrete, which is younger than 6 months. Concrete shrinkage is still very intense in this period and not complete by a long way. Consequentially considerable deformation and the appearance of micro-cracks are noticeable. The use of an elastic waterproof membrane together with the highly elastic tile adhesive, UNIFIX®-2K is an effective and safe solution.
for heavier duty use in interior and exterior areas
` 2 component, water impermeable, frost resistant flexible adhesive
AQUAFIN®-2K/M AQUAFIN®-2K
UNIFIX®-2K
for tiled finishes under high stresses
16 17
Swimming pool shell as a waterproof concrete „white tub“ A ‘white tub’ is concerned with a swimming pool construction in concrete with increased resistance to water penetration. The concrete undertakes additional waterproofing measures having a load-bearing function as well as a waterproofing one. All structural elements (construction joints, penetrations, fixing points etc.) are also waterproof through special measures, so that, as a rule, no additional measures are necessary.
Planning and execution
Pool shell concrete
Valuable and useful information and requirements are available from the German waterproofing guidelines from the DAfStb. When planning and carrying out works on a swimming pool as a ‘white tub’ use wet duty class 1 (water under pressure).
There are particularly high demands placed on the concrete: min. C25/30, w/c <0.55; twall≥ 240 mm; tfloor≥ 250 mm; wcrack ≤ 0.2 mm or ≤ 0.1 mm (dependent on utilization class). No concrete additives for crystalline waterproofing of the concrete shell are allowed.
Utilization class A (no areas of moisture allowed) or B (areas of moisture allowed) are to be agreed for each case with the client.
High performance super plasticizers and mould release agents from SCHOMBURG help to fulfil the high demands. REMICRETE-SP10 High performance super plasticizer BLANKOL-LF Universal release agent for all types of mould
Construction joints with pipe injection system
Waterproofing construction joints with a water bar
The pre-installation of PVC custom made injection pipes have proven to be an efficient system for waterproofing construction joints. In this way, it is possible to quickly and simply waterproof the concrete by injecting an injection resin, which disperses throughout the entire joint and potential defective areas in the concrete.
Treating construction joints with a water bar is a convenient but very safe possibility for waterproofing inner lying joints. The expansion of the jointing strip INDU-FLEX-CJ13 (up to 1100%) starts approx. 6 hours after contact with water and is reversible.
AQUAFIN®-CJ1 Injection pipe for waterproofing construction joints in concrete
INDU-FLEX-CJ13 Expanding and jointing water bar for waterproofing construction joints
AQUAFIN®-P1 Injection resin for waterproofing water bearing cracks AQUAFIN®-P4 Elastic polyurethane injection resin
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Product overview PROPERTIES ®
AQUAFIN -2K/M AQUAFIN®-2K AQUAFIN®-RS300
` 2 component, flexible, cementitious mineral-based waterproofing slurry for new and existing buildings,
channels and swimming pools ` Rapid hybrid waterproof membrane for new and existing buildings, channels and swimming pools,
can be tiled after 4 hours
AQUAFIN®-CJ1
` Injection pipe for the injection of all suitable injection resins, gels as well as acrylates, resistance to water under pressure
AQUAFIN®-P1
` 1 component, PU injection resin for waterproofing water bearing cracks and joints, ready to use
AQUAFIN-®P4
` 2 component, elastic PU injection resin for waterproofing cracks and joints using the pipe injection method
ASOCRET-HB-Flex
` Joint tape for normal use
` Special joint tape for high demands and heavy duty use
ASO®Joint-Sleeve-Floor
` Pre-formed piece from the ASO®-Joint-Tape system for waterproofing floor drain outlets
` Fine epoxy grout and adhesive, for joint widths from 1–7 mm, available in various colours
` Adhesive and grout, for joint widths from 3–15 mm
ASODUR®-EP/FM
` 2 component reaction resin anchoring grout
` Rapid hardening pre-blended factory produced mortar with high strength
` Rapid hardening, water repellent pre-blended factory produced mortar
ASO®-Flexfuge
` Polymer modified grout – rapid hardening, for joints from 3–20 mm wide, available in various colours
ASO®-Unigrund-GE
` Ready to use, solvent free primer, coloured green
ASO®-Unigrund-K
` Solvent free primer concentrate, transparent or blue
ASOFLEX-AKB-Floor
ASOFLEX-AKB-Wall
BLANKOL-LF
` 2 component, solvent free, pigmented PU waterproofing membrane for use bonded to floors together
with tiled finishes ` 2 component, solvent free, pigmented PU waterproofing membrane for use bonded to walls together
with tiled finishes
` Universal release agent for all types of mould
` Elastic, 1 component joint sealant based on silicone rubber, highly fungicidal, for the elastic jointing of
movement and structural joints in underwater areas such as e.g. swimming pools
` High strength, flexible, cement-based grout for joints from 3–20 mm wide, available in 2 grey tones
INDU-FLEX-CJ13
` Thermoplastic expanding and jointing strip for waterproofing construction joints
INDU®-Backerrod
` Round profile, closed-cell backfill material for flexible joint sealants.
INDU®-ConductiveStrip
` Copper conductive strip for producing a control level in conductive waterproofing and floor coating systems
` Mineral-based corrosion inhibitor and bonding slurry for INDUCRET®-BIS-5/40
INDUCRET®-BIS-5/40
` Cement-based repair mortar, 5–40 mm
INDUFLOOR®-IB1240
` Oil and vapour barrier, low solvent, moisture tolerant, 2 component epoxy resin for floors
INDUFLOOR®-IB1245
` Oil and vapour barrier, low solvent, moisture tolerant, 2 component epoxy resin for walls and overhead areas
` 2 component epoxy resin primer, solvent free, low viscosity
INDUFLOOR®-IB2115
` Aqueous conductive coating for producing control levels in conductive waterproofing and floor coating systems
INDUFLOOR®-IB2360
` Aqueous concrete sealer, free from organic solvents, use as a primer and sealer
` 2 component epoxy resin repair mortar
REMICRETE-SP10
` High performance super plasticizer
` Non-sag, rapid hardening smoothing compound, suitable for swimming pool construction,
for thicknesses from 2–15 mm in one layer ` Flexible, thin and medium bed adhesive: DIN 12004, C2 TE; suitable for vitrified, earthenware, fully vitrified tiles,
clinker, mosaic and natural stone materials, which are not sensitive to discolouration and not translucent ` 2 component flexible adhesive, water impermeable, frost resistant: DIN 12004, C1TE S2; suitable for the thin-bed
installation of vitrified, earthenware, fully vitrified tiles, clinker, mosaic and natural stone materials, which are not sensitive to discolouration and not translucent
20 21
LEBJASCHIJ AQUAPARK, MINSK, BELARUS
GRAFT THERME, DELMENHORST, GERMANY
` Concrete
repair and waterproofing
repair, waterproofing, tile installation and grouting
LAURA MOUNTAIN RESORT, SOCHI, RUSSIA
REHABILITATION CENTRE, LUXEMBOURG
` Waterproofing
22 23
The SCHOMBURG Group develops, produces and markets high quality building product systems for • Construction waterproofing • Construction restoration • Tiles/natural stone installation • Screed installation • Civil engineering • Surface protection • Concrete technology SCHOMBURG is recognised for its development competency and is distinguished both nationally and internationally with over 75 years in the market. System based construction products from its own production plants are held it high esteem throughout the world.
Group, along with our large range of high quality products. In order to stay at the forefront of a continuously advancing market we are always investing in research and development of new and current products. This guarantees high quality products, which in turn leads to customer satisfaction.
SCHOMBURG GmbH & Co. KG Aquafinstrasse 2–8 D -32760 Detmold (Germany) phone + 49-52 31- 953 - 00 fax + 49-52 31- 953 - 108 email export@schomburg.de www.schomburg.com
08/15 · AD/CoS/JD
service provided by the SCHOMBURG
Subject to changes. Consult current technical data sheet for most recent information.
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